. A brief history of the United States . ted the liberals, and Maximilian,archduke of Austria, was chosen emperor. The United Statesgovernment protested against the measure, but was unable toenforce the ^ Monroe doctrine. When the American peoplewere relieved from the pressure of civil strife, they turnedtheir attention to the Mexicans hopelessly struggling for lib- Sontbemers could take this iron-clad oath, as it was termed, most of the repre-sentatives were Northern men who had gone South after the war, and were, there-fore, called carpet-baggers. i867.] JOHNSONS ADMINISTRATION. 285 erty, an
. A brief history of the United States . ted the liberals, and Maximilian,archduke of Austria, was chosen emperor. The United Statesgovernment protested against the measure, but was unable toenforce the ^ Monroe doctrine. When the American peoplewere relieved from the pressure of civil strife, they turnedtheir attention to the Mexicans hopelessly struggling for lib- Sontbemers could take this iron-clad oath, as it was termed, most of the repre-sentatives were Northern men who had gone South after the war, and were, there-fore, called carpet-baggers. i867.] JOHNSONS ADMINISTRATION. 285 erty, and the United States government demanded of Napo-leon the recall of the French troops. Maximilian, deprived offoreign aid, was defeated, and, falling into the hands of theMexican liberals, was shot June 19, 1867. This ended thedream of French dominion on this continent. Laying of the Atlantic Cable.—While these great politicalevents were happening, science had achieved a peacefultriumph whose importance far transcended the victories of. THE GREAT EASTERN LAYING THE ATLANTIC CABLE. diplomatic or military skill. A telegraphic cable eighteenhundred and sixty-four miles in length had been laid fromValentia Bay, Ireland, to Hearts Content, Newfoundland.* * The success of this enterprise was due to the energy of Cyras W. FieM. In 1856,the line was finished from New York to St. Johns, Newfoundland, a distance of overone thousand miles. A company was then formed with a capital of about $1,750, cable was made, but in an attempt to lay it (August, 1857), the cable parted. ABccond attempt, in Jane, 1858, failed after repeated trials. A third effort, in July,was euccesefol. A message was sent from the Queen of England to the President, 386 EPOCH VI. [1866. The two continents were thus brought into almost instantcommunication. Foreign AfiFairs.—Purchase of Alaska (October, 1867).—Through the diplomacy of William H. Seward, Secretary ofState, Alaska was purchased of Russia for $7,2
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