Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . n in which to stand; B, board for holding the paper; L, lever workedwith the foot and bringing paper to pencils; P, pencil arms; T, tracing arms; A,axis of instrument; C, counterweights; S, supporting standard. Photography is the most accurate method but it is expensiveand shows too much to be used satisfactorily in routine examina-tions. The pantograph is less accurate but cheaper to use and isperhaps accurate enough for all but the most serious cases. Theschematograph is a new instrument put out by the Posture League,using
Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . n in which to stand; B, board for holding the paper; L, lever workedwith the foot and bringing paper to pencils; P, pencil arms; T, tracing arms; A,axis of instrument; C, counterweights; S, supporting standard. Photography is the most accurate method but it is expensiveand shows too much to be used satisfactorily in routine examina-tions. The pantograph is less accurate but cheaper to use and isperhaps accurate enough for all but the most serious cases. Theschematograph is a new instrument put out by the Posture League,using a reflecting camera and free-hand tracing of the image. Lov- 254 THE UPRIGHT POSITION etts apparatus consists of a height standard with a graduatedsliding arm, giving the amount of deviation at any height but notmaking a graphic record. DEFECTS OF POSTURE. There are several defects of posture common enough and definiteenough to receive attention. They are: 1. Round shoulders or kyphosis. 2. Hollow back, or lordosis. 3. Flat back. 4. Lateral curvature or Fig. 151.—The flattened chest seen in kyphosis. Besides these separate forms we often see a combination of roundshoulders and flat back, which is known as the gorilla type of pos-ture, and-sometimes a combination of round shoulders and hollowback, called the feeble-minded type, indicating muscular and ner-vous weakness. Another defect, usually but not always associatedwith some of the foregoing, is displacement of the internal organs, DEFECTS OF POSTURE 255 or visceroptosis. Still another is hernia, in which a portion of theabdominal contents is forced out through an opening in theabdominal wall. Kyphosis or round shoulders is the most common defect of pos-ture. It consists of a drooping forward of the head and neck anda consequent increase in the convexity of the normal thoraciccurve of the spine. As its name implies, it is often associated withabduction of the scapulae, although either defect may occur with-
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksu, booksubjectphysicaleducationandtraining
