. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 222 THE ARTICULATIONS. b. Internal lateral ligaments.—These are also three funicular bands superposed on one another, and arb consequently designated as superficial, middle, and deep. The internal superficial ligament (Fig. , 6), the strongest and longest of the three, proceeds from the internal and inferior tuberosity of the tibia, diminishing as it descends on the inner side of the tarsus. It is fixed, in mixing with the astragalo-metatarsal ligament and with the posterior tarso-metatareal ligamentous arrangement,
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 222 THE ARTICULATIONS. b. Internal lateral ligaments.—These are also three funicular bands superposed on one another, and arb consequently designated as superficial, middle, and deep. The internal superficial ligament (Fig. , 6), the strongest and longest of the three, proceeds from the internal and inferior tuberosity of the tibia, diminishing as it descends on the inner side of the tarsus. It is fixed, in mixing with the astragalo-metatarsal ligament and with the posterior tarso-metatareal ligamentous arrangement, to the tuberosity of the astragalus, the scaphoid, the two cuneifoi-m, the superior extremity of the principal metatarsal, and that of the internal rudimentary metatarsal bones. The internal middle ligament (Fig. 143, 5) is com- posed of two funicular cords, attached in common beneath the preceding ligament to the internal tibial tuberosity. These two fasciculi, exactly resembling those of the ex- ternal deep ligament, are directed downward and back- ward, and terminate, one at the astragalus, the other at the calcis. The internal deep ligament (Fig. 144, 4) is an extremely slender fasciculus, enveloped by the synovial membrane; it is often reduced to a thin shred, scarcely distinct from the serous covering surrounding it. It is attached, in one direction, to the tibia below the middle ligament; in the other, to the astragalus, and nearly at the same point as the superior fasciculus of the middle ligament. c. Anterior ligament.—This is a membraniform band formed of intercrossed fibres, stronger outwards than in- wards, attached by its upper border above and in front of the tibial surface, fixed by its inferior border to the astragalus, the scaphoid and great cuneiform bones, and the astragalo-metatarsal ligament; it is confounded at its sides with the two superficial lateral ligaments. Its internal face is lined by articular synovial membrane, while the ex- ternal is cover
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