. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. hollow cone forms everywhere a species of circular arch, which may be con-structed without centering or support, provided the joints be made to radi;ite towards thecentre. The courses should be laid peri)endicular to the sides of the proposed cone. A C C 2 S88 THEORY OF ARCIIITKCTUKE. Book II, rod of variable kliijth, tinning on a jiivot, must he stictclied all round from time to time,upon a moveable centre, rising as the work proceeis, in order to
. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. hollow cone forms everywhere a species of circular arch, which may be con-structed without centering or support, provided the joints be made to radi;ite towards thecentre. The courses should be laid peri)endicular to the sides of the proposed cone. A C C 2 S88 THEORY OF ARCIIITKCTUKE. Book II, rod of variable kliijth, tinning on a jiivot, must he stictclied all round from time to time,upon a moveable centre, rising as the work proceeis, in order to regulate the internal out-line. Snch is the strength of tliis form that the highest kilns are seldom built more thanone brick thick, althoiigli this dimension would be altogether insufficient for a common wallof the s;niie height. It is, probably, tnis principle which has conduced to the existence oftliL Round Towers of Ireland. That of Kilkenny, for example, 100 ft. in height, wasbuilt on, or very near, the surface, for at 2 ft. below it, wood coffins with skeletons werefound partly under the walls, tlius affording nn unstable Pointed Auch Vaulting. H99t. We now proceed to enter into a view of the general forms of groining in pointedachiteeture, observing, by the way, that the groins at the anises, u|) to the twelfth century,were seldom moulded witli more tlian a simple torus or .some fillets. In the twelfth century, however, the torus is doubled, and thedoubling parted by a fillet. Towards the end ofthe twelfth century, three tori often occur ; andat the beginning of the thirteenth, the mouldedarrises become similar to the moulded archivoltsof tlie arches, both in their form and Fiance, until the middle of the fifteenth cen-tury, the arrises of the groins only were moulded ;but in this c untry the practice took place muchearlier, for, instead of simple groining, the intro-duction of a number of subdivisions in the soffitsof arches had become common
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