. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. part, within the calyptra, develops into a spoi'e-case called Capsule, or Urn (Fig. 30, c); its slender seta becomes a pedicel, which is often thickened into an Apophysis (against the body), just beneath the capsule. The capsule in many of the higher mosses has a separable lid (L. operculum); this covers the mouth of the capsule. The mouth is often surrounded with a ring (L. annulus), or with a Peristome consisting of one or two elegant borders of teeth or hairs. 62. The C
. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. part, within the calyptra, develops into a spoi'e-case called Capsule, or Urn (Fig. 30, c); its slender seta becomes a pedicel, which is often thickened into an Apophysis (against the body), just beneath the capsule. The capsule in many of the higher mosses has a separable lid (L. operculum); this covers the mouth of the capsule. The mouth is often surrounded with a ring (L. annulus), or with a Peristome consisting of one or two elegant borders of teeth or hairs. 62. The Charas (Figs. 31, 32) are small submerged water-plants of purely cellular tissue, and re- sembling Algse. But their man- ner of growth is axiferous—axis- bearing, with true root and stem. They are leafless; the stems are jointed, with branches whorled on Fig. 30.—Bypnum dendroicles: 6, separate leaf magnified; c, capsule with its pointed calyptra; d, calyp- tra and operculum removed, show- ing peristome. a level with the joints. They are nearly worthless to man, except as a study. Some of them are used for polishing plate, the stems being calcareous; these are the Water - lustres {Lustre d'eau). Their flowers show a higher de- velopment than many even of the higher Acrogens (Fig. 32).* The spore germinates without developing a prothallus. Here the archegonium is contained in a spore-case called a Nucule (Fig. 32); it has one large starchy spore. The antheridium is called a Globule (Fig. 32, a). Fig. 31.—CharafragUU. * "The Order might perhaps have been introduced between Equise- taceae and Marsileaceffi; but its true place is hard to ;—A. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Ketchum, Annie Chambers, 1824-1904. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company
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