. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees : proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO advanced study institute, August 17-24, 1969. Trees; Pine; Trees; Rust diseases. ENVIRONMENT .AND WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST INFECTION 483 In the mesoclimatic scale, the hill-valley structures are super- imposed on the macroclimatic scale and modify the large-scale distribution. Rust is more prevalent at high elevations and scarce in broad river valleys (Van Arsdel, Parmeter, and Riker, 1957). In the microclimatic scale, the stand structure and small topo- graphic features are superimposed on the mesoclimatic scale and fur
. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees : proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO advanced study institute, August 17-24, 1969. Trees; Pine; Trees; Rust diseases. ENVIRONMENT .AND WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST INFECTION 483 In the mesoclimatic scale, the hill-valley structures are super- imposed on the macroclimatic scale and modify the large-scale distribution. Rust is more prevalent at high elevations and scarce in broad river valleys (Van Arsdel, Parmeter, and Riker, 1957). In the microclimatic scale, the stand structure and small topo- graphic features are superimposed on the mesoclimatic scale and further modify the climatic distribution. The bases of slopes, small narrow valleys, and small openings in the crown cover of the forest have abun- dant rust. Zone 1 in the map in Fig. 2 shows where rust is found only in these cool wet sites. Shoulders of hills and large openings in the forest have less rust on the pines (Van Arsdel &t at. , 1961) . The meteorological forces that cause locally cool wet places are illustrated in Fig. \ : : â¢â¢ e rE :_e: LIMITED TO SITES V. COOL AND KfET BY - z DRAINAGE AND RAC ANT HEAT .CSS. IN ZONE 2 (Fl G. 2 ) infe :~e: ~ = ETES ARE MORE COMMON ON T-ESE S ":":. â I - -- -. - = s - â ; â : f a : - 9 . - s - â¢: - - :. ::- : I - â¢-= -- â¢: e . - e â .: e : Figure 3. Drainage of cold air at night and radiant heat loss make locally cool wet spots. The patterns of climate-controlled rust distribution are determined by temperature and moisture effects on the production of spores, the duration of spore viability, the germination of spores, the penetration into the host, and the establishment in the host. The patterns of spore dispersal are controlled by night air Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original North Atlantic Treaty Orga
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Keywords: ., bookauthoruni, bookcentury1900, booksubjectpine, booksubjecttrees
