. The critical external pressure of cylindrical tubes under uniform radial and axial load. Tubes; Strength of materials. 15 Theoretical Values: (a) p = * (b) p = 8 2* (O p = Experimental Values: (a) (b) (c) Model Size I II III — IV —. FIG. 7. Summary of Experimental Data. The entirely disproportionate value of Ilia is omitted here. Fig. 7 gives a general idea of the distribution of these values. Here we see that the calculated values may very well be regarded as obtainable asymptotic limits. There remains only the question as to what causes the sma
. The critical external pressure of cylindrical tubes under uniform radial and axial load. Tubes; Strength of materials. 15 Theoretical Values: (a) p = * (b) p = 8 2* (O p = Experimental Values: (a) (b) (c) Model Size I II III — IV —. FIG. 7. Summary of Experimental Data. The entirely disproportionate value of Ilia is omitted here. Fig. 7 gives a general idea of the distribution of these values. Here we see that the calculated values may very well be regarded as obtainable asymptotic limits. There remains only the question as to what causes the smaller models to collapse so far below the theoretical collapsing pressure. It seems most probable that the welding of the thin plating disturbs the symmetry of the circular form, or the homogeneity of the ma- terial itself. It is certain that in the case of buckling with higher number of lobes, even very slight irregularities may have a decisive effect. The second group of experiments concerns tubes with the wall thickness-ratio h/a = , x = h2/3a2 = ** 10"6 and with frame spacing of 400, 500, and 600 mm ( in., in., in.) and a tube radius of 800 mm ( in.). In both the first two cases the frames failed under the test. In the third case, likewise, it must be assumed as certain, because of the magnitude of the observed buckling pressure, that the limit of strength was reached through failure of the frame. [Translator's Note: It is understood that the testing arrangements were such as to make it impossible to observe the inside of the model during the testsj As we know from a theory which will not be further discussed here, if the frames are too weak, the buckling pressure must correspond to that of a tube with an effective length of double the frame spacing or even higher. We can, therefore, test the reliability of our theory by computing the buckling pressure for tubes of the length 1 = 800, 1000 and 1200 mm and compare them with the test resul
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