. Oral anaesthesia; local anaesthesia in the oral cavity, technique and practical application in the different branches of dentistry. filled to the apex. 4. Surgical treatment is indicated in teeth which have beenperforated at the apical part by root canal instruments. 5. Surgical treatment is indicated if root instruments havebeen broken off in the root canals, and cannot be removed fromthe pulp chamber. Difficulties. These operations can be performed in all, butare easier in single-rooted teeth. If working at the buccalroots of the upper teeth one should be careful not to perforatethe floor
. Oral anaesthesia; local anaesthesia in the oral cavity, technique and practical application in the different branches of dentistry. filled to the apex. 4. Surgical treatment is indicated in teeth which have beenperforated at the apical part by root canal instruments. 5. Surgical treatment is indicated if root instruments havebeen broken off in the root canals, and cannot be removed fromthe pulp chamber. Difficulties. These operations can be performed in all, butare easier in single-rooted teeth. If working at the buccalroots of the upper teeth one should be careful not to perforatethe floor of tlie antrum. In the loAAcr l)icnspids the mental 124 ORAL ANAESTHESIA nerve must be considered. The lower second and third molarsand the upper third molars are the most unfavorable teeth tooperate upon on account of their position. Anaesthesia. Use the conductive combined with the infil-tration method wherever practical, but either can be used as to Tables II and IV, and in difficult cases use the Etablet for the infiltration injection to eet anaemia. INJECTION FOR OPERATION ON THE LEFT MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR. Fig. 79. Labial injection. Fig. Palatal injection. Operation. Tlie oi)eratiou varies according to the we operate for a granulum it is sometimes sufficient to cur-ette the apex and the socket, removing all granulated the root is affected, partly absorbed or gangrenous, if the rootfilling does not extend through the apical foramen, or if theapex is perforated, it is necessary to amputate the apical partof tlie root. If a foreign l)ody is to be removed, it is oftensufficient to cut a window on the front surface of the root, andremove it througli the pulp chamber. PRACTICAL APFLlCAriON OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA 125 Technique of Granulum Operation. The root canal shouldbe treated before the operation is performed. The eaual canbe filled either before or during the operation. Sterilize withiodin, and be sure to have the root filling germ proof a
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