The world: historical and actual . ation for util-ity, and perhaps others, again, have literally out-,lived their usefulness. With a lamp of geological science for guide, onemight, by descending a shaft sunk deeply in theearth, read, page by page, the history written inthe strata penetrated. Each stratum representsand records a vast and distinct formative strata may be classed as shown in thesubjoined chart. The organic remains, animalor vegetable, which are contained in a greater partof these various formations, afford the principaldata for ascertaining, frequently with absolute


The world: historical and actual . ation for util-ity, and perhaps others, again, have literally out-,lived their usefulness. With a lamp of geological science for guide, onemight, by descending a shaft sunk deeply in theearth, read, page by page, the history written inthe strata penetrated. Each stratum representsand records a vast and distinct formative strata may be classed as shown in thesubjoined chart. The organic remains, animalor vegetable, which are contained in a greater partof these various formations, afford the principaldata for ascertaining, frequently with absolute cer-tainty, the order of succession of the various lay-ers. There is, however, more or less lapping over,the ages not being so perfectly disconnected in pro-ductions as the scientists at one time supjiosed. (37) r 38 THE EARTH WITHOUT MAN. Tlie idea is not warranted, says Reclus, whichconnects some kind of cataclysm with the end ofeach geological period, and continuity of life haslinked together all the formations, from the organ-. .Old ^il -Upper Ludlow Rock _ Limestone ^-^i^ -dZaaraT Ludlow U arlc -^ « B zSSfrniock Limestone & SUale


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea