Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the farmer and fruit-grower economicentomolo01smit Year: 1906 THE INSECT WORLD. 367 fruit. Windfalls should be picked up constantly and destroyed at once. Summer varieties, especially sweet types, are most in- fested, and these should be sent to market at once if the apples are marketable, or if they are not, they should be disposed of in some effective manner to prevent the maturing of the flies. They seem to be more common in the Northeastern States, extending southward only to Central New Jersey. South of this point they seem to be
Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the farmer and fruit-grower economicentomolo01smit Year: 1906 THE INSECT WORLD. 367 fruit. Windfalls should be picked up constantly and destroyed at once. Summer varieties, especially sweet types, are most in- fested, and these should be sent to market at once if the apples are marketable, or if they are not, they should be disposed of in some effective manner to prevent the maturing of the flies. They seem to be more common in the Northeastern States, extending southward only to Central New Jersey. South of this point they seem to be unknown, or so rare as not to be injurious. Probably every one has noticed in the fall, at cider making, or when grapes are pressed for wine, or, in fact, whenever there is an accumulation of fruit of any kind in which fermentation or decay has started in ever so slight a degree, that swarms of little, yellowish flies make their appearance, easily distinguished by the bright coral-red color of the eyes. No specimens may have been noticed previously ; but just as soon as the material at- tracting them makes its appearance, swarms are seen coming from no one knows where. They lay their eggs in the ferment- ing or decaying mass. and a few hours after- wards there will be an abundance of small, white, wriggling mag- gots. These become mature in three or four days, and after another day or two in the pupa state, they develop into adult 'pomace flies,' species of Drosophila. and a little troublesome Fig. 422. A pomace fly and its larva, Drosophila species; enlarged. The insects are sometimes annoying but scarcely injurious, and it is only because they are so common and occur so suddenly in large numbers that they are mentioned here. Little attention is paid to the larvae either in wine or cider making, because they are thrown out in the process of fermentation, and do not in any way affect the quality of the resulting product. To this same family belong the ' skippers' which are
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