. The birds of Washington : a complete, scientific and popular account of the 372 species of birds found in the state . of adult about as in D. p. iiicdianiis. Recognition Marks.—Sparrow size; black-and-white pattern of head : whiteback contrasting with black scapulars, etc.; much the commonest woodi)ecker;wing scarcely spotted as compared with D. p. nicdiaiiiis: underparts smoky ascompared with D. p. homnrus. Nesting.—Nest: A hole, usually in dcciiluous tree, some 20 feet up. Eggs:4-6, glossy crystalline white: roundefl ovate in shape. Av. size, .74 x .56(). Season: c. May ist; one b


. The birds of Washington : a complete, scientific and popular account of the 372 species of birds found in the state . of adult about as in D. p. iiicdianiis. Recognition Marks.—Sparrow size; black-and-white pattern of head : whiteback contrasting with black scapulars, etc.; much the commonest woodi)ecker;wing scarcely spotted as compared with D. p. nicdiaiiiis: underparts smoky ascompared with D. p. homnrus. Nesting.—Nest: A hole, usually in dcciiluous tree, some 20 feet up. Eggs:4-6, glossy crystalline white: roundefl ovate in shape. Av. size, .74 x .56(). Season: c. May ist; one brood. General Range.—Pacific coast district from southern California north toBritish Columbia; extends somewhat beyond eastern slopes of mountain rangessoutherly, shades into D. p. hoiiiorus along ridge of Cascades northerly. Range in Washington.—West-side, common resident, especially in lowlandgroves and about clearings; occupies eastern slopes of Cascades southerly. Authorities.—Picas qairdncri. Audubon, ( )rn. Biog. V. 1839, 317. T. C& Kb. Ra. D^ Ss^ E. Specimens.—U. of W. Prov. B. \^ra^Vl^ CAIKDNKl; WOODPliCKIiU, 426 THE GAIRDNER WOODPECKER. THE liical representati\-e of the widespread Downy type is a jierfectminiature nf ihe more ainnidant Harris Woodpecker, even in flight andvoice; and In the same causes must be attributed tlie soihng of a bosomonce immaculate. Unhke his greater tluuble. li(jwe\er, Gairdners Wood-pecker is for the most part confined to deciduous timber, and sliows a greatpreference for wooded Ijuttoms and the borders of streams. Here hisindustrious tap, tap and clieery /^iiik notes may be heard not alone from thetrunks of trees, but from the smaller liranches. These he traces to the\ery end in a search iov lurking grub or nit. The presence of this bird is a benediction in an orchard, for he in-spects every niche and crevice of a fruit tree, and if he finds deep-seatedtroubles, the holes he drives are as necessary as the p


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