The Independent . Emperorto instruct them to cooperate with theDuma. But the Prime Minister reachedthe ear of the Emperor before thememorandum of the other ministersarrived, and secured the edict to dis-solve the Duma. The ministers whosigned the memorandum urging con-cessions to the demands of the Dumaand the public were gradually elimi-nated from the government. THE new men appointed to replacethe retired ministers were men ofthe old bureaucratic school, reac-tionaries, men who soon came to becalled quite frankly existence of dark forces operat-ing behind, and in support, of


The Independent . Emperorto instruct them to cooperate with theDuma. But the Prime Minister reachedthe ear of the Emperor before thememorandum of the other ministersarrived, and secured the edict to dis-solve the Duma. The ministers whosigned the memorandum urging con-cessions to the demands of the Dumaand the public were gradually elimi-nated from the government. THE new men appointed to replacethe retired ministers were men ofthe old bureaucratic school, reac-tionaries, men who soon came to becalled quite frankly existence of dark forces operat-ing behind, and in support, of thesemen laid the foundation for the beliefin a pro-German intrigue. As evidenceto support this suspicion became clearerand rapidly cumulative, the Duma de-manded more specifically ministerial re-sponsibility, which would guarantee re-sponsible government. The Duma form-ulated the demand, and it was supportedby a majority of the Imperial Council,Russias Upper House, half of whosemembers are appointed by the sover-. Dntj in Mevo York Tribune THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE cign. Even the conservative United No-bility, holding a congress at that samemoment, demanded the elimination ofthe dark forces. The country, thruthe organizations working for thearmy, and the press, was behind theDuma. In the Duma session of last au-tumn the former reactionary deputy,Purishkevich, turned to the ministerswith a passionate appeal: Take thefirst train to headquarters, fall on yourknees to the Tsar, and tell him hemust open his eyes to what is goingon. This is your duty to your sov-ereign. The Emperor is reported to haveexclaimed when he abdicated: I havebeen betrayed. The Duma and theleaders of the public have been tryingfor over a year to persuade him ofthis fact. Five years ago the Presidentof the Duma explained to me that themain effort must be to get Constitu-tionalism talked in the Emperors cir-cle. But what chance have we, whenhe is so carefully ringed in by a groupwhose selfish interests are serve


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