. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . 2 days.^ Of late years these tank steamers have almostsuperseded the older form of oil traflQc by whichbarrels were carried in any available vessel ofordinary type. Some of the tankers are ownedand operated by European refining the old-fashioned way, 12,000 barrels wereconsidered an enormous cargo, but the efficiencyof special construction and the private industrialline is demonstrated by the 30,000-barrel cargoesof the new tank steamers. The growth of the bulk oil tr
. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . 2 days.^ Of late years these tank steamers have almostsuperseded the older form of oil traflQc by whichbarrels were carried in any available vessel ofordinary type. Some of the tankers are ownedand operated by European refining the old-fashioned way, 12,000 barrels wereconsidered an enormous cargo, but the efficiencyof special construction and the private industrialline is demonstrated by the 30,000-barrel cargoesof the new tank steamers. The growth of the bulk oil traffic is indicatedby the tonnage of the fleets engaged in thattraffic. According to the Bureau of Corporations,this tonnage is as follows: Companies. Vessels. Gross tons. Standard Oil Co 61 204,506 Standard Oil Co 18* 11,367 Independent American 21 58,847 Independent American 8* Russian companies 30 96,559 Dutch East Indian traders 41 125,161 Burmese and Japanese traders 6 12,810 English tramp steamship 18 English tramp sailing vessels 4* 8,209 French companies 2 2,525 t Railroad Gasette, ,. Private Steamship Lines 207 Unclassified 9 12,707 Unclassified 4 * 4,224 Total steam 188 568,946 Total sailing vessels (*) 34 51,866 Grand Total 222 620,812 * Sailing vessels. The enormous tonnage of this fleet of special-ized vessels of peculiar type, for carrying onecommodity only and belonging to a few owners,and nearly all of them merchant carriers, showshow in this age of common carriers the presentmerchant carrier, inconspicuous in his oceanwork, nevertheless outranks by far his conspicuousprototype of a century ago in the actual amountof transporting that he does. Nor does the above list of bulk vessels tellthe whole story for petroleum. Many ordinaryvessels are also used by the oil companies. TheOriental countries are heavy importers of Amer-ican refined oil, and their markets, devoid oftank equipment, require it in small tin canscalled cases. The transportation o
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