A history of the American nation . ite remarkable vigor and courage; but atlength re-enforcements for the Confederates appeared on thefield and began a flank attack. The National forces then begana retreat, which soon became a rout, and this presently de-generated into a panic. Many are said not to have stoppedfleeing until they reached Washington. But the Confederateforces were in no condition for pursuit. The victory was almostas demoralizing to them as defeat to the Federals. The battle of Bull Run depressed the North, but it broughthome to the people some conception of what it meant to mai
A history of the American nation . ite remarkable vigor and courage; but atlength re-enforcements for the Confederates appeared on thefield and began a flank attack. The National forces then begana retreat, which soon became a rout, and this presently de-generated into a panic. Many are said not to have stoppedfleeing until they reached Washington. But the Confederateforces were in no condition for pursuit. The victory was almostas demoralizing to them as defeat to the Federals. The battle of Bull Run depressed the North, but it broughthome to the people some conception of what it meant to maintain the Union. Horace Greeley wrote tobattle. Lincoln a letter, which illustrates the depression at the North. It begins with the words, This is myseventh sleepless night; it ends, Yours in the depths of bit-terness. It was no holiday campaign that was needed. Lovers SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR—1861-1865 391 of the Union quieted down into stern determination to fightsteadily for the laws, and the effect of the defeat was good. The. The War in the East elated South believed more strongly than ever that the Southcould not be conquered. After this battle it was evident that the soldiers needed drill-ing and the army needed organization before success on thefield of battle was possible. General McClellan, who had wonsome success in western Virginia, was summoned to takecommand of the troops in front of Washington. In November 392 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NATION General Scott was put upon the retired list, and McClellansucceeded him in general charge of the armies of the UnitedStates. Under their new commander the troops,M^cadian. which Were being daily increased with new re-cruits, were organized into the Grand Army ofthe Potomac; but for months there was no movement. Theanxious Northern householder, growing again impatient, readeach day in his newspaper: All quiet on the Potomac. Hardly was the war begun when England issued a procla-mation of neutrality. This acknowledged the belli
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