. Anaesthetics : their uses and administration. Fig, 2.—Mr. Vernon Knowles reversible bag. instead of the usual rubber one, since the latter cannot beboiled without destroying it (see fig. 3). The two stopcocks figured below are simple and allow easyaccess to the valves, which is essential, since all rubbermaterial is apt to perish unless constantly in use, and unless NITROUS OXIDE GAS. 69 kept at a moderately warm temperature (figs. 4 and 5).It is useful to powder the bag, the face-pieces, and so onwith French chalk and boric powder after cleansing, as thisobviates the rubber sticking togethe
. Anaesthetics : their uses and administration. Fig, 2.—Mr. Vernon Knowles reversible bag. instead of the usual rubber one, since the latter cannot beboiled without destroying it (see fig. 3). The two stopcocks figured below are simple and allow easyaccess to the valves, which is essential, since all rubbermaterial is apt to perish unless constantly in use, and unless NITROUS OXIDE GAS. 69 kept at a moderately warm temperature (figs. 4 and 5).It is useful to powder the bag, the face-pieces, and so onwith French chalk and boric powder after cleansing, as thisobviates the rubber sticking together and maintains a smoothsurface. When the gas supply is taken from a large gas containerthis is connected with the bag and face-piece by an adequatelength of tubing. After use the cylinders should be carefully examined toascertain whether the exit is fully closed. Any escape maybe detected if a film of water be smeared over the free end,since, if there is any escape of gas, a bubble will Fig. 3.—All-metal aseptic face-piece. (Wellers.) For septic cases. The most convenient shape of cylinder is that with anangle attachment provided with a foot-piece (fig. i). Thislatter is usually more under control than is the casewhen a hand key is used. Various mechanical contrivanceshave been made which obviate the turning on the gassupply by rotating the foot-piece, but they are not at allnecessary. A few words may be said about face-pieces. Personally, Iprefer those made of rubber, of the shape designed originally byClover, and furnished with an air cushion (fig. 4). Three sizesare usually required—one for children, also a medium, and alarge. If an expiration valve exists in the stopcock of the 70 ANESTHETICS. mount attached to the Cattlins bag, none is required in theface-piece. Celluloid and metal face-pieces (figs, i and 5) fittedwith removable air cushions are not satisfactory, as after a littleuse the cushion does not apparently prevent a leakage of gasor air. The advant
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