. Elementary text-book of zoology. 538 CHORD AT A. mole being no exception. The incisors are small and chisel-shaped, the canines somewhat prominent in the upper jaw, but more like incisors in the lower, in which the first premolar resembles a canine. The premolars as a whole are simple and conical, and the molars are tuberculate, having sharp conical cusps adapted for tearing and crushing rather than grinding. These teeth are pre- ceded by a complete milk-dentition. The vertebral column is a strong axis, and the constituent vertebrae are articulated together by very " strong
. Elementary text-book of zoology. 538 CHORD AT A. mole being no exception. The incisors are small and chisel-shaped, the canines somewhat prominent in the upper jaw, but more like incisors in the lower, in which the first premolar resembles a canine. The premolars as a whole are simple and conical, and the molars are tuberculate, having sharp conical cusps adapted for tearing and crushing rather than grinding. These teeth are pre- ceded by a complete milk-dentition. The vertebral column is a strong axis, and the constituent vertebrae are articulated together by very " strong ; The dorso-lumbar vertebrse are usually nineteen, a common mammalian number. The pelvis is attached to six vertebrae. Fig- 37I-—Jaws of Teeth of the Mole x Note the tubercular molars and the incisor-like lower canine followed by a caniniform premolar. Pental formula ^^^. Between the dorso-lumbar vertebrae are small extra bones, sometimes called " intercentra," represented in most mam- mals by mere discs of cartilage (intervertebral discs). The ribs are well formed and taper off rapidly forwards. At the front end of the sternum there is a large and conspicuous " presternum," which in great part appears to represent the epistemum as found in Monoiremata. The first pair of ribs are strong and short and support the base of the epistemum. At the front end just under the throat the epistemum forks, and to it is attached on each side a short strong cylinder of bone. This bone is usually termed the clavicle, but as it is ossified partly from membrane (clavicle) and partly from. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Masterman, Arthur Thomas. Edinburgh, E. & S. Livingstone
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