Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . in the urine: A, Normal; B, abnormal. or mulberry shaped. This may be found in urine witha high percentage of sodium chlorid. Abnormal Blood-cells.—Blood-cells which have enteredthe urine within three or four hours begin to lose their colorand swell until they are mere rings or shadows. Insteadof being biconcave, they become almost spheric, very paleor almost colorless, and about two-thirds of the normal 276 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE cells in diameter. Any blood-cell which has lost its yellowcolor and its characteristic outline
Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . in the urine: A, Normal; B, abnormal. or mulberry shaped. This may be found in urine witha high percentage of sodium chlorid. Abnormal Blood-cells.—Blood-cells which have enteredthe urine within three or four hours begin to lose their colorand swell until they are mere rings or shadows. Insteadof being biconcave, they become almost spheric, very paleor almost colorless, and about two-thirds of the normal 276 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE cells in diameter. Any blood-cell which has lost its yellowcolor and its characteristic outline is abnormal. Normal blood, when present in large amounts, produces,in alkaline urine, a bright red color, and in highly acidurine, a brownish-red color. Abnormal blood, if presentin sufficient amount, renders the urine brownish or smoky,and if in large amounts, almost black. Very commonly,however, the amount of blood is so small that it can bedetected only microscopically. Urine containing bloodalways gives a reaction for albumin, even if the amount Fig. 58.—Teichmanns hemin crystals (Jakob). Detection.—The chemic detection of blood by Teich-manns method has already been described on page crystals of hemin which are thus obtained are brown,rhombic plates, the proper chemic name of which is hema-tin iodid or chlorid. The crystals are very small, and oftencrossed or arranged in groups (Fig. 58). This test isuseful when there is any doubt as to the presence of bloodin the urine. BLOOD 277 To Remove Blood from a Sediment.—The blood-cells may be so abundant in the sediment that they obscureeverything else, and must be destroyed before is done as follows: The urine is allowed to settleslowly, the supernatant fluid is decanted, and a largeamount of lukewarm water, with a few drops of dilute aceticacid, is added to the sediment. The mixture is stirredthoroughly, breaking up all clots, and allowed to settleagain. The process is repeated until
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