. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 326 INTRODUCTION TO ARTHROPODS hypopharynx (Fig. 134, Hyp.), a short fleshy organ lying in the midst of the other organs, and comparable in both form and function with the tongue of vertebrate animals. In addition to these parts there is a horny lining of the upper lip and roof of. Lbm. Fig. 134. Simple mouthparts of a chewing insect {Stenopalmatus); Ibr., la- brum, or upper lip; mand., mandible; hyp., hypopharynx or tongue; max., maxilla; max. p., maxillary palpus; lbm., labium or lower lip (really a s
. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 326 INTRODUCTION TO ARTHROPODS hypopharynx (Fig. 134, Hyp.), a short fleshy organ lying in the midst of the other organs, and comparable in both form and function with the tongue of vertebrate animals. In addition to these parts there is a horny lining of the upper lip and roof of. Lbm. Fig. 134. Simple mouthparts of a chewing insect {Stenopalmatus); Ibr., la- brum, or upper lip; mand., mandible; hyp., hypopharynx or tongue; max., maxilla; max. p., maxillary palpus; lbm., labium or lower lip (really a second pair of maxillae fused together); lab. p., labial palpus. the mouth cavity known as the epipharynx. This structure is usually closely associated with the upper lip, so that the com- bined organ is spoken of as the " ; The extent of the modifications which these mouthparts may undergo is wonderful, especially in insects where they are modi- fied for sucking or piercing. In the true bugs the mandibles and maxillse are prolonged into needle-like organs, the maxillae often armed with sawlike teeth at their tips, and the lower lip is developed into a thick, fleshy, jointed proboscis, grooved on its upper side to form a sheath for the piercing organs (Fig. 164). The labrum is a short movable flap, and the hypopharynx is very slightly developed. In the Diptera, which include the mos- quitoes, gnats, blackflies, tsetse flies and other biting flies as well as houseflies and blowflies, there are several different types. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Chandler, Asa Crawford, 1891-. New York, J. Wiley
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