. The pictorial sketch-book of Pennsylvania, or, Its scenery, internal improvements, resources, and agriculture, populary described . s always converted into blooms, and thisis done either in the forge-fire or the puddling furnace. The forge-fire is the oldest made, as well as the most simple—there being nomaterial difierence between it and the common fire of the blacksmith,except in the heavier character of the former. A mass of metal isthus melted and carried to the forge-hammer, which is moved bymachinery, and gives a tremendous blow. Whatever impurities arein the metal, will be pretty well
. The pictorial sketch-book of Pennsylvania, or, Its scenery, internal improvements, resources, and agriculture, populary described . s always converted into blooms, and thisis done either in the forge-fire or the puddling furnace. The forge-fire is the oldest made, as well as the most simple—there being nomaterial difierence between it and the common fire of the blacksmith,except in the heavier character of the former. A mass of metal isthus melted and carried to the forge-hammer, which is moved bymachinery, and gives a tremendous blow. Whatever impurities arein the metal, will be pretty well hammered out under this huge ham-mer, and the metal, as it cools, is formed into rounded pieces, about afoot in length, which are called blooms. In the annexed figure, p. 123,a is the hammer, weighing from one hundred to four hundred is strongly wedged to the helve, h, which is moved by the project-ing teeth h, of the cylinder k. This cylinder is made to revolve bythe water or fly-wheel, m. The hot metal is laid under the hammer,upon the platform d. The metal is temporarily connected with an MANUFACTURE OF IRON 123. FOnCE HAMMER. iron handle, so as to guide it under the hammer, and is cut off afterthe bloom is perfected. After leaving the forge-hammer, the bloom is ready for conver-sion into rolled or bar iron of every description, preparatory to whichit undergoes some additional working in the puddling or heating fur-naces—especially the pig metal of the anthracite furnaces of the east-ern counties of Pennsylvania, which is much more impure than char-coal iron. This iron, in fiict, is not forged at all; but after beingpuddled is taken to the squeezer, formed into blooms, and is thenready, after re-heating, for the rollers. The puddling-furnaces are al-ways erected in the interior of rolling-mills, and their tall chimneysare seen projecting all around the building. They are built singlyand doubly, of various dimensions, but on one general principle. Bytheir aid i
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade, booksubjectminesandmineralresources
