Eight lectures on the signs of life from their electrical aspect eightlecturesons00wall Year: 1903 '.J EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL 85 ' Current of rest' from E to I. ' Current of action ' from I to E. acted upon by its environment, any point of its surface E is chemically more active than any point of its mass I ; E becomes electro-positive to I ; there is therefore current from E to I, an ingoing current, the so-called ' current of rest.' Let the lump become active, any point I is chemically more active than any point E ; there is current from I to E, outgoing current, the ' normal organ-curre
Eight lectures on the signs of life from their electrical aspect eightlecturesons00wall Year: 1903 '.J EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL 85 ' Current of rest' from E to I. ' Current of action ' from I to E. acted upon by its environment, any point of its surface E is chemically more active than any point of its mass I ; E becomes electro-positive to I ; there is therefore current from E to I, an ingoing current, the so-called ' current of rest.' Let the lump become active, any point I is chemically more active than any point E ; there is current from I to E, outgoing current, the ' normal organ-current of action.' Now, the currents that we call ' electrical ' and actual currents of matter, streaming through a porous substance, generally occur in the same direction, so that there is an association of phenomena —(i) in the case of ingoing electrical current and centripetal current of matter (and of energy) from environment to living substance, and (2) in the case of outgoing electrical current and centrifugal current of matter (and of energy) from living substance to environment. A priori, therefore, we should expect the ' skin ' of living substance to be the channel of a double current, material and electrical—(i) of a current of rest or reception, ingoing and centripetal, subserving the synthetic accumulation of energy ; (2) of a current of action or emission, outgoing and centrifugal, subserving the analytic expenditure of energy. If you are accustomed to think in terms of charged ions, you will imagine the kation as travelling from without inwards with a receipt of energy, from within outwards with a discharge of energy. And now consider further what kind of modifications we may expect and look for with the differentiations of function and of structure that have occurred in the external surface of plants and animals. Consider, in first place, the principal difference of chemical direction in the main drift of vegetable and of animal metabolism. Vegetable protoplasm i
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