. The essentials of botany. Botany. 312 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA Flowering Plants the small flowers are clustered into many-flowered heads, from which fact these plants and their relatives are known as "; The face or top of the head is flat, and its back is covered with many spreading, green bracts, constituting the "invo- ; The face of the head bears the many small crowded flowers each in the axil of a stiff bract. Those ^^_ on the margin ("ray flowers") are quite sterile, and have large flat corollas (of five petals united below into a tube, but &
. The essentials of botany. Botany. 312 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA Flowering Plants the small flowers are clustered into many-flowered heads, from which fact these plants and their relatives are known as "; The face or top of the head is flat, and its back is covered with many spreading, green bracts, constituting the "invo- ; The face of the head bears the many small crowded flowers each in the axil of a stiff bract. Those ^^_ on the margin ("ray flowers") are quite sterile, and have large flat corollas (of five petals united below into a tube, but "ligulate" above), while the remainder ("disk flowers") produce seeds and have tubular no. corollas. Examining one of the latter we find that the bicarpellary pistil is wholly covered by the thin cup: the calyx ("pappus") is re- duced to two or a few scales: the corolla consists of five petals united into a tube which is five-pointed at its summit: the five stamens are borne on the inside of the corolla tube, and the anthers are united by their mar- gins into a tube which surrounds the style. The pistil has a long style which divides above into two recurved style branches, each stigmatic on its upper surface. There is but one erect ovule at the base of the single cavity of the ovary. On ripening the cup and ovary wall become tough and leathery, and closely surround the relatively large seed, and this structure is known as an "; 576. The Dandelion flower head (Taraxacum, or Leon- todon) is in plan much like that of the Sunflower, but here the flowers all have flat (ligulate) corollas, and all produce seeds. Each flower consists of a bicarpellary ovary which is wholly covered by the thin cup, on whose upper margin is the whorl of many fine bristles (the calyx, or pappus),. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearan
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