India: Sultan Abul Hasan 'Tana Shah' (1600-1699), Qutb Shahi ruler of Golconda (r. 1672-1687). Miniature painting, c. 18th-19th century. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah was the eighth and last ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, who ruled the kingdom of Golconda in south India. In 1687 the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb led a campaign to reassert the rule of Mughals in Golconda. Tana Shah defended the fort for eight months, but Aurangzeb succeeded in capturing Golconda in September 1687. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah surrendered and handed over his diamond collection, making Aurangzeb the richest monarch in the world.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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