. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Reprinted from SCIENCE Vol. 153, No. 37^2 Our Deep and Wide Ocean The 2nd International Oceanographic Congress was convened in Moscow, 30 May-9 June 1966, at the Mos- cow Lomonosov State University. There were 1800 registrants, including 600 foreign of which 200 were Amer- ican. More than 500 papers were read; they included invited plenary reports and contributed papers to various sec- tions and subsections covering all of the many disciplines within the general framework of oceanography. In addi- tion there were
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Reprinted from SCIENCE Vol. 153, No. 37^2 Our Deep and Wide Ocean The 2nd International Oceanographic Congress was convened in Moscow, 30 May-9 June 1966, at the Mos- cow Lomonosov State University. There were 1800 registrants, including 600 foreign of which 200 were Amer- ican. More than 500 papers were read; they included invited plenary reports and contributed papers to various sec- tions and subsections covering all of the many disciplines within the general framework of oceanography. In addi- tion there were seven symposia cover- ing nearshore processes, biogeochemis- try. primary production, oceanograph- ic instruments, radioecology and radio- activity in the oceans, bioacoustics and aspects of upwelling. Foreign oceanographic ships were invited to visit Leningrad during the congress but only those of the sur- rounding Baltic countries came. This program was marred by the cancella- tion of the Silas Bent, perhaps the most sophisticated research vessel pres- ently operational, of the Navy Ocean- ographic Office. Permission was with- drawn at the last moment on the basis that the Silas Bent was a naval ship. This meeting took place 7 years af- ter the first such congress met in New York in 1959. It seemed generally agreed that the results presented at Moscow revealed a vast growth in the raw data of oceanography and a de- cline in the validity of Murphy's Law, which states that the optimum number of electronic parts in any piece of ocean- ographic equipment is less than one. On the other hand, there was a general failure to fully digest and analyze the vast quantities of data now pouring in from the world's growing oceano- graphic fleet, and a dearth of new ideas or concepts. Or at least so it seemed, but can we be sure? Many good new ideas are discredited at first and only obtain acceptance by slow re- alization, while oddball concepts draw the attention of the press—for exam- p
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