. A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Major caJ^x. Fig. 3075.—Section Through a Kidney, showing the Correct Positionand Direction of an Incision into iis Pelvis. (From Kelly.) of oxalates are easily shown by means of the ^ composed of phosphates give a fainter shadow,while those composed of uric acid are the most ditficultto bring out in the radiograph. Examination of the urine is of course of the greatestvalue in the diagnosis of surgical affections of the kid-ney. It is often necessary to
. A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Major caJ^x. Fig. 3075.—Section Through a Kidney, showing the Correct Positionand Direction of an Incision into iis Pelvis. (From Kelly.) of oxalates are easily shown by means of the ^ composed of phosphates give a fainter shadow,while those composed of uric acid are the most ditficultto bring out in the radiograph. Examination of the urine is of course of the greatestvalue in the diagnosis of surgical affections of the kid-ney. It is often necessary to obtain the urine from asingle kidney, which may be done by catheterization ofeach ureter (see article on Cystoseopy), or bj- making. i wUl be 1)8(^^=). Fig. 3076.—Radiograph of Calculi from the Pelvis of the Kidney. The two on the left are com-posed of uric acid and urates ; those on the right of phosphates. The two calculi in the mid-dle are composed of oxalate of calcium and uric acid, the upper one having an outside coatinffof urates. iFroni The Roen^en Rays in .Medicine and Surgery, by Francis K. Williams, Macmillan. 1901.) a ridge in the base of the bladder and drawing the uriuefromeither side of it as it flows from each ureter. When the urine has been obtained separately from thetwo kidneys it may be tested chemically, microscopically,physically, and bacteriologically, according to the estab-lished rules. There are also two nioderu methods of 354 I REFEREXCE HANDBOOK OF THE MEDICAL SCIEXCES. }-8. deteriuiuiug the functional activity of the kidney, ?\vliichare of the greatest value in deciding the question of ex-tirpation of one organ. The first is the injection subcii-taneously of U.
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