. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . Fig. 317 • 317.—Blood-vessels of MalpigTuan bodies and convoluted tubes of kidney (afterSappey). 1, 1, Malpighian bodies surrounded by capsules; 2. 2, 2. convolutedtubes connected with Malpighian bodies; 3. artery branching to go to Malpighianbodies; 4, 4, 4. branches of artery; 6, 6, Malpighian bodies from which a portionof capsules has been removed; 7. 7, 7, vessels passing out of Malpighian bodies; , branches of which (9) pass to capillary plexus (10). 27 418 COMPARATIVE PHY
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . Fig. 317 • 317.—Blood-vessels of MalpigTuan bodies and convoluted tubes of kidney (afterSappey). 1, 1, Malpighian bodies surrounded by capsules; 2. 2, 2. convolutedtubes connected with Malpighian bodies; 3. artery branching to go to Malpighianbodies; 4, 4, 4. branches of artery; 6, 6, Malpighian bodies from which a portionof capsules has been removed; 7. 7, 7, vessels passing out of Malpighian bodies; , branches of which (9) pass to capillary plexus (10). 27 418 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. other opening- into a long- common efferent tube or duct. Theglomerulus is, however, peculiar to the vertebrate graded complexity in arrangement, etc., of the tubes isrepresented well in the figure below. It is a significant fact. Pig. 318.—Diagrammatic representation of distribution of tubules of kidney (afterHuxley). 0, cortical region; B. boundary zone, containing large part of Henles ,loops; P, papillary zone, in which are the main outflow tubules. that the kidney of the human subject is lobulated in the embryo,which condition is persistent in some mammals (ruminants, etc.).As the lungs are the organs employed especially for theelimination of carbonic anhydride, so the kidneys are aboveall others the excretors of the nitrogenous waste products of thebody chiefly in the form of uric acid or urea. Before treating ofsecretion by the kidney it will be well to examine into the phys-ical and chemical properties of urine with some detail, especiallyon account of its great importance in the diagnosis of disease. EXCRETION BY THE KIDNEY. 419 URINE CONSIDERED PHYSICALLY AND CHEMI-CALLY. Urine is naturally a fluid of very variable composition, espe-cially regarded quantitatively—a fact to be borne in mind inconsid
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