Insect enemies of the pine in the Black Hills forest reserve : an account of results of special investigations, with recommendations for preventing losses . estern pine llylur-gqps (Hylurgops subcostulatusMann.).—This is a common,dull brown to black bark beetle,ranging in length from mm., which attacks andbreeds in the bark on the rootsand bases of dying trees and thestumps and logs of felled excavates a single longitudi-nal gallery, and the broods de-velop in confused or irregularlarval mines in the inner bark,but rarely groove the surfaceof the wood. This is one ofthe c
Insect enemies of the pine in the Black Hills forest reserve : an account of results of special investigations, with recommendations for preventing losses . estern pine llylur-gqps (Hylurgops subcostulatusMann.).—This is a common,dull brown to black bark beetle,ranging in length from mm., which attacks andbreeds in the bark on the rootsand bases of dying trees and thestumps and logs of felled excavates a single longitudi-nal gallery, and the broods de-velop in confused or irregularlarval mines in the inner bark,but rarely groove the surfaceof the wood. This is one ofthe commonest bark beetlesfrom the Rocky Mountain region to the Pacific coast, and will evi-dently be found wherever the rock pine or Western yellow pine grows. The pine-root bark-beetle (Sylastes jporosm Lee).—This is a black,elongate, slender bark beetle, varying in length from I mm. to 5 attacks the bark on the roots of the Western pine and excavates asingle longitudinal gallery from which the brood burrows radiate,and the broods develop in the usual manner. It was found in thebark on the roots of young seedling pines which had recently died,. Fig. 5.—Work of the rock pine wood engraver I Pi-tyogenes cariniceps Lee). Primary galleries and larval mines in inner bark and surface of about one half (original). 14 and also in the bark on the roots of the stump of a recently felledtree in the Black Hills. This is also a common species of the Rock}-Mountain pine regions. Branch and twig beetles.—The large and small branches and termi-nal twigs of the trees that were dying from the attack of the pine-destroying beetle were found to be infested by a number of describedand undescribed species of the genus Pityophthorus and by Pityogenescariniceps, all of which attack the bark as soon as the trees commenceto die, and contribute, more or less, to hastening the death of the trees. Ambrosia or timber beetles and viood-boring grubs.—The wood of thetrees was found to
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