. The Bee-keepers' review. Bee culture. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers $LOn a Icar W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher. VOL. XXIII. FLINT. MICHIGAN, NOVEMBER 1, 1910. NO. 11 Black Brood In San Joaquin Valley, California. Its Symptioms and Treatment. RALPH IN order to i lully appreci- ate the Cali- fornia black brood situation in the San Joa- quin valley, a review of the seasonal varia- tion i n honey flow with its at- tendant adapta- tions of procedure in apiary management will be necessary. Wintering in this locality is reduced to a minimum; the mont
. The Bee-keepers' review. Bee culture. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers $LOn a Icar W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher. VOL. XXIII. FLINT. MICHIGAN, NOVEMBER 1, 1910. NO. 11 Black Brood In San Joaquin Valley, California. Its Symptioms and Treatment. RALPH IN order to i lully appreci- ate the Cali- fornia black brood situation in the San Joa- quin valley, a review of the seasonal varia- tion i n honey flow with its at- tendant adapta- tions of procedure in apiary management will be necessary. Wintering in this locality is reduced to a minimum; the months of December and January being characterized by inactivity on the part of the bees, accompanied by a winter dearth of honey sources. In February and on through March and into April the orange bloom yields, in some locations, quanti- ties of honey. During the latter part of this period other fruits bloom, and the foothills are clothed with an abundance of wild flowers. As might be expected, the bees build up rapidly, in some places store a surplus from the oranges, and swarm quite universally during April. There are two temptations that confront the apiarist at this time. Firstly, to move to the oranges, a paying practice un- doubtedly for the individual, but one, in view of the presence and distribution of disease, fraught with danger to the bee keeping community. And secondly, to make extensive increase for the summer honey flow. This plan of procedure is, in view of black brood, extremely risky, and, furthermore, unless followed up during May and June with regular systematic feeding, quite untenable. This starving period during May and June, coming as it does after the exces- sively stimulating early flow of honey, is doubly critical; and, as we shall see presently, is a host to be reckoned wiih in coping with black brood. The best plan to follow when the bees build up in the spring seems to be not to make in- crease, but to give the stronger colonies a limited amount of ad
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