. Diseases of bones and joints . Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of normal joint capsule, rather highJoint surface above. Note the vascular spaces. power. The opinion formerly prevailed that the synoviawas a closed sac, extending out over the cartilage,but this is not a fact. It is a section of a tube, end-ing at the border of the joint cartilage, with whichit is, to a certain extent, continuous. The struc-ture of one gradually shades off into that of theother. If one extends, the other recedes. When DISEASES OF BONES AND JOINTS 15 the joint is immobilized, the synovia encroaches onthe cartilage, as i
. Diseases of bones and joints . Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of normal joint capsule, rather highJoint surface above. Note the vascular spaces. power. The opinion formerly prevailed that the synoviawas a closed sac, extending out over the cartilage,but this is not a fact. It is a section of a tube, end-ing at the border of the joint cartilage, with whichit is, to a certain extent, continuous. The struc-ture of one gradually shades off into that of theother. If one extends, the other recedes. When DISEASES OF BONES AND JOINTS 15 the joint is immobilized, the synovia encroaches onthe cartilage, as if automatically to obliterate thejoint, but the joint is never actually obliteratedthus, unless the cartilage be destroyed by no adhesions form, strictly speaking,in a normal joint that is immobilized for any , in other words, is never caused by immo-bilization, but by the disease or injury for the treat-ment of which the immobilization is Fig. 10. Low power photomicrograph. Capsule from a normal knetjoint of an adult man dead of alcoholism. The specimen is froma recess of the joint. Note the folds of the synovia. Zeiss ob-jective, aa. Ocular 3. Beware of Infection ofIn all operations on joints or in wounds of them, the Synovia it is the infection of the synovial membrane that is to be feared. THE LIGAMENT. We have already discussed the ligament. It iscomposed of dense fibrous tissue, holds the ends of 16 DISEASES OF BONES AND JOINTS The Ligament the bones together, checks motion, and may be dis-regarded except for its mechanical functions. *
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