. Animal locomotion or walking, swimming, and flying : with a dissertation on aëronautics. n (fig. 46, p. 91), and flying-fish (fig. 51, p. 98), connect progression in the water withprogression in the air. The travelling surfaces of these ano-malous creatures run the movements peculiar to the threehighways of nature into each other, and bridge over, as itwere, the gaps which naturally exist between locomotion onthe land, in the water, and in the air. 1 The Vampire Bat of the Island of Bonin, according to Dr. Buckland, canalso swim : and this authority was of opinion that the Pterodactyle enjoy
. Animal locomotion or walking, swimming, and flying : with a dissertation on aëronautics. n (fig. 46, p. 91), and flying-fish (fig. 51, p. 98), connect progression in the water withprogression in the air. The travelling surfaces of these ano-malous creatures run the movements peculiar to the threehighways of nature into each other, and bridge over, as itwere, the gaps which naturally exist between locomotion onthe land, in the water, and in the air. 1 The Vampire Bat of the Island of Bonin, according to Dr. Buckland, canalso swim : and this authority was of opinion that the Pterodactyle enjoyedsimilar advantages.—Eng. Cycl. vol. iv. p. 4!5. PROGRESSION OX THE LAND. Walking of the Quadruped, Biped, etc.—As the earth, becauseof its solidity, will bear any amount of pressure to which itmay be subjected, the size, shape, and weight of animalsdestined to traverse its surface are matters of little or noconsequence. As, moreover, the surface trod upon is rigidor unyielding, the extremities of quadrupeds are, as a rale,terminated by small feet. Fig. 18 (contrast with fig. 17).. Fig. IS.—Chillingham Bull (Bos Seoticus). Shows powerful heavy body, ami the small extremities adapted for land transit. Also the figure-of-S move-ments made by the feet and limbs in walking and running, u, t Curvesmade by right and left anterior extremities, r, 3 Curves made by rightand left* posterior extremities. The right fore and the left hind foot movetogether to form the waved line (.?, v); the left fore and the right hind footmove together to form the waved line (r, t). The curves formed by theanterior (t. n) and posterior (?•, s) extremities form ellipses. Compare withfig. 19, p. 39.—Original. In this there is a double purpose—the limited area pre-sented to the ground affording the animal sufficient supportand leverage, and enabling it to disentangle its feet with the 38 ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. utmost facility, it being a condition in rapid terrestrial pro-gression that the points p
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