. Thirty-five years in Russia . lions of roubles. Looked atfrom below, the great cross borne by Vladimir, whenilluminated on the great public holidays, has a mostimpressive effect. The river, which near the Podol is divided into twobranches by the Island Trukhanov, reunites at thesouthern end of the town, and has a breadth at thatpoint of about 1,500 feet in summer ; at the breakingup of the ice in the spring, it submerges the whole ofthe island, and has the appearance of an inland lake ofimmense proportions. As already mentioned, this city is not only the centreof the great commercial activit
. Thirty-five years in Russia . lions of roubles. Looked atfrom below, the great cross borne by Vladimir, whenilluminated on the great public holidays, has a mostimpressive effect. The river, which near the Podol is divided into twobranches by the Island Trukhanov, reunites at thesouthern end of the town, and has a breadth at thatpoint of about 1,500 feet in summer ; at the breakingup of the ice in the spring, it submerges the whole ofthe island, and has the appearance of an inland lake ofimmense proportions. As already mentioned, this city is not only the centreof the great commercial activity in the interchangeof the products from all parts of the Empire and abroad,but is also that of the great sugar industry, whichfrom 230 factories supplies the whole of the sugar forthe Empire. In order to prevent the introduction offoreign sugar into the country, the Government haveassisted the industry by enacting special laws for itsproduction, and it also fixes the selling price, whichfalls a heavy burden upon the pi<s< Hft o o o « Q «Oft < Oo IN RUSSIA 257 Kiev is not only remarkable for its public buildings,which are solidly built of stone, but many of its privatedwellings compete with those in the metropolis bothfor their solidity and structural elegance. Many ofthe large opulent sugar refiners have mansions equallingthose of (in former times) the most prosperous of theVenetian towns, and all the more remarkable becausemany of their owners have risen from very low estate,or even from the ranks of the itinerant trader. The city also contains a royal palace, which is ofmodern construction, and has rarely been inhabitedby the emperors or even their relatives. The widowof the late Grand Duke Nicholas, who resided manyyears in the town, was located in a private house. Thepalace garden and the adjoining Chateau des Fleurs,the public city grounds, form a very picturesquesetting to the river flowing at their base. The population, which when I first knew it
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