The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment . x-periments in this direction. Pursue Avogadros hypothesis alittle further\ Avogadro stated, in 1811, thatequal volumes of different gasescontain equal numbers of mole-cules. Under the same conditionsof pressure, etc., the Elements maybe weighed as gases, the amount of heat may be measured whichgoes into them to make them gaseous, and the pressure maybe noted. We now mix Chlorine, a gas, and Hydrogen, a have found that Chlorine atoms weigh times as muchas Hydrogen ato
The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment . x-periments in this direction. Pursue Avogadros hypothesis alittle further\ Avogadro stated, in 1811, thatequal volumes of different gasescontain equal numbers of mole-cules. Under the same conditionsof pressure, etc., the Elements maybe weighed as gases, the amount of heat may be measured whichgoes into them to make them gaseous, and the pressure maybe noted. We now mix Chlorine, a gas, and Hydrogen, a have found that Chlorine atoms weigh times as muchas Hydrogen atoms. The mixture is to be called Hydrochloricacid gas. As related to pure Hydrogen, we might expect amixture weighing But in reality, it weighs only , inasmuch as other experiments with Chlorine have notpermitted the existence of an atom weighing (or halfof ), it would seem that for every atom of Chlorine ()two atoms of Hydrogen have been used, and these three atomshave formed one molecule of Hydrochloric acid gas. To provethat the Chlorine atom was not cut in two, (into ),. Fig. 88. WOLLASTONS REFLECT-ING ANGLE MEASURER FORCRYSTALS. CHEMISTRY. 235 the chemists take other light or gaseous compounds of , Sulphur Chloride weighs On taking it apart, it isfound to contain per cent, of Chlorine, and this percentageis very close indeed to weights of Hydrogen taken inChlorine. When Oxygen is tested in compounds, it continuallyshows either times the weight of Hydrogen, or multiplesof What Elements have been tested and weighed as gaseouscompounds ? About thirty, of which Boron, Bromine, Carbon, Chlorine,Hydrogen, Iodine, Lead, Mercury, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phos-phorus, Silicon, Sulphur, Tin and Zinc are the most important. How did the chemists study the Elements that they could notreadily treat in the form of gases ? They attempted to ascertain the Specific Heat. If the Ele-ments be raised in temperature, say
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