Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (1138-1193) was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen, and parts of North Africa. Under his leadership, his forces defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin, leading the way to his recapturing of Palestine, which had been seized from the Fatimid Egyptians by the Crusaders 88 years earlier.
Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria
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