. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. losed. E-shapcd plans were formed inthis way, and were infinitely better than theLongleat plan, with damp and stale air bottledin two small inner spaces. This said, we can pass on to other charac-teristics. The hall, out of which our Englishhouse plan had grown since Saxon times, wasretained by the Elizabethans,; its walls werepanelled to a height of from eight to ten feet;and above this wainscot were many interestingthings—armour, family portraits, trophies ofvarious kinds, weapons, stags heads, and soforth. Near the entrance was a fin
. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. losed. E-shapcd plans were formed inthis way, and were infinitely better than theLongleat plan, with damp and stale air bottledin two small inner spaces. This said, we can pass on to other charac-teristics. The hall, out of which our Englishhouse plan had grown since Saxon times, wasretained by the Elizabethans,; its walls werepanelled to a height of from eight to ten feet;and above this wainscot were many interestingthings—armour, family portraits, trophies ofvarious kinds, weapons, stags heads, and soforth. Near the entrance was a fine oak screen,and above it a minstrels gallery ; at the otherend a dais was put under a good bay-window,the sill of which came down close to the in the roof were elaborate panels of mouldedplaster, or oak principals and hammer-beams. During the sixteenth century the evolutionof ceiling ornament was very important. Atfirst—and Thame Park, Oxfordshire (p. 153),may be taken as an example—the main divi-sions of a ceiling were made by the beams. Staircase, Burleigh, Northamptonshire. Designed by John Thorpe, and built between the years 1575 and 1589. From a drawing by J. Nash. See pages 201 and 202. ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN 197 in the floor above, and these spaces were sub-divided by means of plaster ribs having a slightprojection. But, of course, joists and beams inthe floor above could be treated in a diflTerentmanner, and sometimes they were accepted aswood to be moulded and carved. When thishappened they made a handsome frameworkover a ceiling. At Layer Marney, Essex, builtin .1530, another method was tried with success,as at Hever and AUington Castles, Kent. Theaim here was to pattern a ceiling with raisedand varied figures; for this purpose oak ribswere applied, and the spaces between themfilled with plaster. Rich plaster cornicesformed part of the decorative scheme, whichneeded for its completion not only good panelsof carved oak on the walls, but Tudor furni-tu
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