. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. Fig. 8 Parmelia durumae Krog & Swinscow, holotype (O). Rule = 1 cm. strongly maculate, thalline margin weakly dentate, ciliate, disc usually imperforate, becoming radially split with age, spores 22-26 x 12-15 jum. Pycnidia numerous, sub- marginal, conidia weakly sublageniform, 5-7 //m long. TLC: alectoronic acid, #-collatolic acid, atranorin. Type: Kenya. Coast Province, Kwale District, 2 km N of Gazi, 4° 22' S, 39° 30' E, at the edge of a mangrove, February 1974, Coll. H. Krog & T. D. V. Swinscow no. 3K 30/132, (O—hol
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. Fig. 8 Parmelia durumae Krog & Swinscow, holotype (O). Rule = 1 cm. strongly maculate, thalline margin weakly dentate, ciliate, disc usually imperforate, becoming radially split with age, spores 22-26 x 12-15 jum. Pycnidia numerous, sub- marginal, conidia weakly sublageniform, 5-7 //m long. TLC: alectoronic acid, #-collatolic acid, atranorin. Type: Kenya. Coast Province, Kwale District, 2 km N of Gazi, 4° 22' S, 39° 30' E, at the edge of a mangrove, February 1974, Coll. H. Krog & T. D. V. Swinscow no. 3K 30/132, (O—holotype; BM, UPS—isotypes). There are a number of alectoronic acid producing primary species with ciliate lobe margins and imperforate apothecia, but none of them seems to correspond to our species. Several of them, such as P. argentina Krempelh., P. maclayana, P. subproboscidea Lynge, P. uberrima, and P. wainii A. L. Sm., have smaller spores and differ also in various other characters. Parmelia stenopteris Kurok. differs chemically in that it produces fatty acids instead of (Z-collatolic acid; it has apothecia with a strongly dentate-lobulate thalline margin and a rugose exciple. Parmelia subrugata has thick-walled spores more than 30 jum long. Parmelia pigmentifera has similar ecology as P. durumae and resembles it morphologically; furthermore, both species give a strong UV+ reaction in the medulla. However, P. pigmentifera has a brown marginal zone on the underside and produces an ochraceous pigment and undetermined substances in the medulla. Some of the Ugandan specimens have extremely long, dense cilia. They approach a species from Nigeria, issued as no. 31 in Almborn, Lichenes africani under the name P. subrugata Krempelh. Parmelia durumae grows on twigs and branches at the edge of mangroves and in low coastal hills off the Indian Ocean, from sea level to c. 300 m altitude, and has also been collected in Uganda at about 1100 m. East African records Kenya. Coast Provin
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