. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . sy to cut the grain. Color russet brown. Rays very distinct without a lens. RED MULBERRY, p. 14.(cc) Wood moderately lighl and easy to cut across the grain, ibrown. Rays not distinct withoul a lens. HAi;i>Y CAT \ \. p. 15. (b) Large pores in the springwood open, containing no tyloses but occasionally a bright-red gum. Heartwood cherry-red to reddish brown. Wood very heavy. (aa) Pores in the outer portion of the summerwood mostly joini bands, the individual pores of which are not distinctly visible witha lens magnifyi
. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . sy to cut the grain. Color russet brown. Rays very distinct without a lens. RED MULBERRY, p. 14.(cc) Wood moderately lighl and easy to cut across the grain, ibrown. Rays not distinct withoul a lens. HAi;i>Y CAT \ \. p. 15. (b) Large pores in the springwood open, containing no tyloses but occasionally a bright-red gum. Heartwood cherry-red to reddish brown. Wood very heavy. (aa) Pores in the outer portion of the summerwood mostly joini bands, the individual pores of which are not distinctly visible witha lens magnifying 15 diameters. Rays mostly very distinct. Pithsmall, usually under inch. Sapwood from ; of an inch to 2 incheswide on ties HONEY LOCUST, p. 45. (bb) Pores in 1 he outer portion of the summenvood only occasionally joinedinto bands, the individual pores being distinctly visible with anordinary hand lens. Rays of uniform width, inconspicuous. Pithlarge, usually over inch. Sapwood from \ inch to 1 inch wideon ties COFFEETREE, p. 46. 30 IDENTIFICATION OF IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS. 31 CC. Careful examination with a hand lens shows the pores of the summerwood to beisolated or in radial rows of 2 or 3, but surrounded by parenchyma in such a man-ner as to appear in wavy tangential bands usually more distinct without a lensthan with a lens. (a) Parenchyma projecting tangentially from the pores in comparatively long lines often joining pores widely separated. Sapwood several inches wide;heartwood grayish brown, occasionally with reddish tinge. Wood heavy and hard WHITE ASH, p. 40. GREEN ASH, p. 47. (b) Parenchyma not projecting tangentially from the pores or only slightly so. Sapwood less than 1 inch wide; heartwood silvery brown. Wood moder-ately heavy. (aa) Rays fine but distinct without a lens; wood has a spicy odor and taste. SASSAFRAS p. 47. (bb) Rays not visible without a lens; wood does not have a spicy odor and taste BLACK ASH, p. 47. 3. Summerwood figured with nu
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