. The biology of marine animals. Marine animals; Physiology, Comparative. Fig. Air-bladder of Midshipman {Porichthys notatus) a, ventral view of air-bladder, b, cross-section of bladder, showing diaphragm with its central opening, and numerous plates of the gas-gland on the ventral floor, c, cross- section of the anterior chamber showing cavities of the anterior horns and the air-bladder muscles, a, air-bladder; d, diaphragm; g, gas-gland; m, air-bladder muscle; s, septum; v, vagus nerve. (After Greene, 1924.) bladder lumen or expose it, respectively. Most resorption of gas takes place a
. The biology of marine animals. Marine animals; Physiology, Comparative. Fig. Air-bladder of Midshipman {Porichthys notatus) a, ventral view of air-bladder, b, cross-section of bladder, showing diaphragm with its central opening, and numerous plates of the gas-gland on the ventral floor, c, cross- section of the anterior chamber showing cavities of the anterior horns and the air-bladder muscles, a, air-bladder; d, diaphragm; g, gas-gland; m, air-bladder muscle; s, septum; v, vagus nerve. (After Greene, 1924.) bladder lumen or expose it, respectively. Most resorption of gas takes place across the oval. Since gases in the bladder are at a higher tension than in the blood, they tend to diffuse across the oval along the pressure gradient. By constriction of the sphincter muscles about the oval, absorp- tion of gases from the oval can be retarded or halted. Gas is passed into the swim-bladder against a pressure gradient by some active secretory process. In fish from shallow water the swim-bladder gas contains 12-22% 02, but in fish from deep water there is a much greater proportion of 02 in the bladder gas. Thus, the bladder gas of an eel Synaphobranchus pinnatus, taken at 1,380 m (pressure 138 atm), had the following composition (in percentages): 02, 84-6; N2, 11-8; C02, 3-6. At this depth the partial pressures in the swim-bladder would be 117 atm. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Nicol, J. A. Colin (Joseph Arthur Colin), 1915-. New York, Interscience Publishers
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