A text-book on diseases of the ear, nose and throat . ue-Depressors.—The use of a particular instrument is somewhat a 1 LEcho Med. du Xord, January 28, 1900. 468 DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX. matter of habit. The Tiirck variety with the curve at the bottom of thehandle can be held by the patient himself if for any reason the examinerrequires the use of both hands. The patient having fully opened themouth, the examiner presses the blade firmly though gently down on thedorsum of the tongue, care being taken to avoid either pressure or trac-tion on its rootj both of which invite gagging. As to the sou
A text-book on diseases of the ear, nose and throat . ue-Depressors.—The use of a particular instrument is somewhat a 1 LEcho Med. du Xord, January 28, 1900. 468 DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX. matter of habit. The Tiirck variety with the curve at the bottom of thehandle can be held by the patient himself if for any reason the examinerrequires the use of both hands. The patient having fully opened themouth, the examiner presses the blade firmly though gently down on thedorsum of the tongue, care being taken to avoid either pressure or trac-tion on its rootj both of which invite gagging. As to the source of illumination, sunlight is preferable if it can behad, because it best shows the normal color of the parts. If the patientis in bed any kind of a lamp can be used, or the simple device of a candlebacked by the bowl of a large spoon, which makes an excellent matter of source of light is further considered under ^ Examinationof the Larynx, where the indirect method of examination by meansof the head-mirror is explained. Fig. Method of depressing the tongue for examining the pharynx and for posteriorrhinoscopy. (Bosworth.) The pharynx having been thus exi)osed to view, the physician shouldlook for possible vascular changes, swellings, ulcerations, or deposits on thevarious regions of the throat. The gums should be examined for the char-acteristic changes of mineral poisons, inflammations, ulcerations of thevarious dyscrasise, and for indications of depraved blood states (scurvy, anse-mia, etc.). The uvula and soft palate should be touched with the probe(a simple but much-neglected instrument) to determine their sensitivenessand motility. According to Lennox Browne, congestion of the anteriorpillars betokens associated digestive disorders or some dyscrasia, whilethat of the posterior pillars suggests improjper or excessive vocal effort. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PHARYNX. 469 Certain conditions affecting tlie tongue concern the laryngologist, espe-cia
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