. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 112 INTRODUCTION they visit (Knuth, ' Bliitenbesucher derselben Pflanzenart in verschiedenen Gegenden,' I, pp. 14 and 15). Hermann Muller arrived at conclusions similar to mine by collating his observa- tions on the visitors of alpine flowers with partly concealed nectar. In the Alps ('Alpenblumen,' p. 487), white flowers are chiefly influenced by Diptera, while yellow ones are equally visited by Diptera and short-tongued bees. According to Hermann Muller ('
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 112 INTRODUCTION they visit (Knuth, ' Bliitenbesucher derselben Pflanzenart in verschiedenen Gegenden,' I, pp. 14 and 15). Hermann Muller arrived at conclusions similar to mine by collating his observa- tions on the visitors of alpine flowers with partly concealed nectar. In the Alps ('Alpenblumen,' p. 487), white flowers are chiefly influenced by Diptera, while yellow ones are equally visited by Diptera and short-tongued bees. According to Hermann Muller ('Fertilisation,' pp. 74-9 and 231-4 ; 'Weit. Beob.,' I, pp. 320, 321 ; II, pp. 241, 242), the yellow flower of Ranunculus and Potentilla are chiefly visited in central Germany by small bees belonging to the genera Andrena and Halictus—' These cross-pollinating agents correspond as com- pletely, in size and degree of adaptation, to the dimensions and adaptational stage of these flowers as if each were made for the other' ('Alpenblumen,' p. 488). The blackish-purple flowers of this class are almost exclusively visited by flies, and in the Alps by Lepidoptera as well. The way in which they resemble decaying flesh in colour is, perhaps, what specially induces flies that are fond of decomposing substances to visit them. 4. Flowers with concealed Nectar (C). This class, again, is connected with the previous one by numerous transitional forms. The nectar is always quite out of sight of visitors, being concealed in pouches, or by hairs or projecting floral parts, so that it remains invisible even. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Mu?ller, Hermann, 1829-1883; Ainsworth Davis, J. R. (James Richard), 1861-1934. Oxford : Clarendon Press
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