. Journal of electricity, power, and gas . f 200 of these wells are equipped with air-lift andtwo, with steam pumps, one of the latter being a dou-ble acting pump, especially designed and patented bythe chief engineer of the plant, ?ifr. J. C. D<irwanl. 28 JOURNAL OF ELECTRICITY, POWER AND GAS [Vol. XXIV—No. 2 These pumps deliver the water to a sump from whicha motor-dri^•en centrifugal pump elevates it 65 ft. tothe top of the water softener. This is of the Kennicott t_ype with an hourlycapacity of 30,000 gallons. The water from the wellsis hard, that is it contains about 25 grai
. Journal of electricity, power, and gas . f 200 of these wells are equipped with air-lift andtwo, with steam pumps, one of the latter being a dou-ble acting pump, especially designed and patented bythe chief engineer of the plant, ?ifr. J. C. D<irwanl. 28 JOURNAL OF ELECTRICITY, POWER AND GAS [Vol. XXIV—No. 2 These pumps deliver the water to a sump from whicha motor-dri^•en centrifugal pump elevates it 65 ft. tothe top of the water softener. This is of the Kennicott t_ype with an hourlycapacity of 30,000 gallons. The water from the wellsis hard, that is it contains about 25 grains of carbonateof magnesia to the gallon. This is precipitated byadding a solution of soda ash and lime as the waterenters the top of the softener. This solution is steam-siphoned from a lower mixing vat to a receiver fromwhich it is automatically supplied in any desiredproportion to the entering hard water. An ingeniouselectric contact and solenoid-operated counter in thechief engineers office gives convenient record of Boilers of Metropolitan Laundry. This Kennicott softener is the largest on the PacificCoast, holding 125,000 gallons of water, being 18 diameter and 65 ft. high. By its means 90 per centof the hardness of the water is removed, which makesa great saving in the wear and tear on the clothes,and also in the soap bill. The softener also supplieswater to the boilers, although the chief reason for theirremarkable freedom from scale is attributed to thefact that the plant is run condensing. The coolingwater from the condensers flows to a tank whichsupplies the laundry, its heat being further maintainedb}- the exhaust from the air compressor. The hardening ingredients in water destroy theeffect of large quantities of soap by uniting with itand forming an insoluble compound known as soapcurd. Each degree of hardness per gallon of waterdestroys approximately pounds of soap per 1000gallons of water before any detergent action is pro-duced. In
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