Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . e toxic material. The comple-ment is probably derived, for the most part, from the leucocytes, and acts verymuch as an enzyme. It can exert its toxic action only when united with thecell by means of the amboceptor, so that free complement has no injuriouseffect. 572 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS. It has been frequently observed that the red cells are more resistant thannormally, while in many cases they appear less resistant to hemolysis. Thisis explained by the side-chain theory very much as it
Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . e toxic material. The comple-ment is probably derived, for the most part, from the leucocytes, and acts verymuch as an enzyme. It can exert its toxic action only when united with thecell by means of the amboceptor, so that free complement has no injuriouseffect. 572 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS. It has been frequently observed that the red cells are more resistant thannormally, while in many cases they appear less resistant to hemolysis. Thisis explained by the side-chain theory very much as it explains the formation ofantitoxin. These antihemolysins are formed within the blood plasma afterinoculation with hemolytic material. The hyperactivity of the cell causesit to throw ofif two types of such bodies, namely, anticomplement and anti-amboceptors. The former combines with the haptophore group of the comple-ment and the latter with the cytophilic group of the amboceptor, each of thesecombinations making it impossible for the necessary union of cell, amboceptor,and complement to occur. D. Erythrocyte. Fig. 157.—Illustrating the Mechanism of Antihemolysis. (Da Costa.)A, Interference of anticomplement with complement-amboceptor union. B, inter-ference of antiamboceptor with amboceptor-cell union. C, antiamboceptor-amboceptorunion. D, anti-complement-complement union. It has been found that frequently the serum of an animal, which has beeninjected with certain bacteria or with certain body cells, shows the peculiarproperty of agglutinating or clumping such bacteria or cells when these latterare added to it. This condition is known as agglutination and the agentsbringing it about are styled agglutinins. These substances are developed inthe blood of the animal during the process of adaptation toward the presenceof such foreign material. Agglutinins from the standpoint of the side-chaintheory are free receptors, having a haptophore group which unites with there
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