. Electronic apparatus for biological research . Figure Figure Transistor voltage stabilizers The most elementary type of stabilizer is a single transistor connected in what is virtually the earthed collector mode {Figure ). Such a circuit affords a measure of both forward and backward stabilization, and is the transistor analogue of the simple cathode follower arrangement in Figure The output resistance in earthed collector circuits is usually given with sufficient accuracy by RqI^, where Rq is the signal generator resistance. _^ Unstabilized supply in Stabilized suppl

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. Electronic apparatus for biological research . Figure Figure Transistor voltage stabilizers The most elementary type of stabilizer is a single transistor connected in what is virtually the earthed collector mode {Figure ). Such a circuit affords a measure of both forward and backward stabilization, and is the transistor analogue of the simple cathode follower arrangement in Figure The output resistance in earthed collector circuits is usually given with sufficient accuracy by RqI^, where Rq is the signal generator resistance. _^ Unstabilized supply in Stabilized supplyoijt X Stable reference source -o* Figure In this case Rq is the resistance of the reference battery, which should be negligible, and we have to use the exact expression which includes the usually unimportant r^, and r^. This is ^out — ^e + h + R G P In a transistor quoted by Evans and CarrolP^ in connection with stabilizers of this type, we have: r, = 2-51} r, = 150 Q r, = 500 kQ. 1^ = 50 705

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