. Field and woodland plants. sharply-pointed leaves, rough on theedges, are placed in whorls offrom four to six. The umbelsare very small, terminal, andsurrounded by a leafy in-volucre that is divided intoseveral lobes longer than theflowers. The corolla consistsof an exceedingly slender tube,at the top of which are fourspreading lobes; and the fruitis crowned by the five or sixteeth of the calyx, whichenlarges as the former Field Knautia or Field Scabious (Knautia arvensis orScahiosa arvensis), shown on Plate VII, is very common oncultivated ground, particularly in corn-growing dis
. Field and woodland plants. sharply-pointed leaves, rough on theedges, are placed in whorls offrom four to six. The umbelsare very small, terminal, andsurrounded by a leafy in-volucre that is divided intoseveral lobes longer than theflowers. The corolla consistsof an exceedingly slender tube,at the top of which are fourspreading lobes; and the fruitis crowned by the five or sixteeth of the calyx, whichenlarges as the former Field Knautia or Field Scabious (Knautia arvensis orScahiosa arvensis), shown on Plate VII, is very common oncultivated ground, particularly in corn-growing districts. Itis a slightly-branched plant, from one to four feet high,clothed with stiff, bristly hairs. Its lower leaves are stalked,simple, narrow, and usually but little cut; and the upperones sessile, broader at the base, and either coarsely toothedor deeply cut. The flower-heads are large, Ulac, on longpeduncles. The outer florets are much larger than the inner,and all have four-lobed corollas. The fruit is angular, and is. The Shepherds needle or Venuss comb. IN THE CORN FIELD 291 surmounted by the eight or ten bristles of the calyx. This plantflowers from June to August. Two of the Sow Thistles (order Composita) have already beennoticed among the flowers of waste ])laces (p. 179), and a third,known as the Corn Sow-Thistle {Sonchus arvensis), falls within therange of the present chapter,being a very common corn-fieldweed. It is an erect plant, fromone to four feet high, with ahollow, angular stem, branchedonly towards the top. Itslower leaves are large, stalked,more or less divided intotriangular, sharply-toothed lobesthat are ciuved downwards;and the upper ones are sessile,less divided, with broad lobeswhich clasp the stem. Theflower-heads are bright yellow,large, and arranged in a loose,terminal corymb. Their stalksand bracts are rough with stiffbrown or black hairs ; and thepappus of the wrinkled fruitsconsists of a dense mass ofwhite, silky hairs. The plantblooms during
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