. How to know wild fruits; a guide to plants when not in flower by means of fruit and leaf. Clinton,and others. 214 HOW TO ENOW WILD FRUITS FROST OR CHICKEN GRAPEVitis cordifolia Grape Family Fruit. — The small round berries are numer-ous in the loose-branched cluster. They areblack with a slight bloom, have a thick skin,^scant pulp, and one or two medium-sizedseeds. They are sour, but improve in flavorafter being frosted. October, November. Leaves. — The leaves are usually undivided,but sometimes are suggestive of three lobesor angles. They are coarsely toothed withsharp-pointed teeth. The ap
. How to know wild fruits; a guide to plants when not in flower by means of fruit and leaf. Clinton,and others. 214 HOW TO ENOW WILD FRUITS FROST OR CHICKEN GRAPEVitis cordifolia Grape Family Fruit. — The small round berries are numer-ous in the loose-branched cluster. They areblack with a slight bloom, have a thick skin,^scant pulp, and one or two medium-sizedseeds. They are sour, but improve in flavorafter being frosted. October, November. Leaves. — The leaves are usually undivided,but sometimes are suggestive of three lobesor angles. They are coarsely toothed withsharp-pointed teeth. The apex is generallylong and pointed, and the base is heart-shaped. The upper leaf surface is shiny andthe lower one green and usually smooth, withoccasionally fine hairs along the veins. Flowers. — The flower cluster is long, branched,and many-flowered. This is the true Frost Grape, and is a vineof luxuriant growth, the trunk sometimes be-coming a foot or two in diameter. It growsin moist thickets and along streams from NewEngland to central Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska,and Virginia Creeper {Parthenocissus quinquefolia)216 BLACK OB BARK PURPLE 217 VIRGINIA CREEPER. WOODBINEAMERICAN IVY Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Ampelopsis quinquefoliaGrape Family Fruit. — The globular berry is slightly de-pressed at the tip. It is dark blue or nearlyblack when mature, is two-celled, with one ortwo largish seeds in each cell. The flesh isthin and inedible. The berries grow in loosered-stalked clusters. October. Leaves. — The compound leaves are borne onlong channeled red stems. The five to sevenleaflets are in a whorl at the apex of the leafstalk. They are variable in shape, oval orelliptical, and are coarsely toothed along theapex half of the margin. The stems are shortand the apex is long and acute. The leavesearly assume their red, crimson, and purplishfall colorings. Flowers. — The reddish or greenish smallflowers grow in cymes. Despite their incon-spicuous appearance
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