A treatise on orthopedic surgery . Fifteen cases are recorded.^ Thesediseases are described elsewhere. Spondylolisthesis.—Spondylolisthesis is a deformity in whichthe body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae, most often thefifth, is displaced forward and downward (Fig. 82). Therelative weakness of the ligamentous support and the inclina-tion of the upper surface of the sacrum favors displacementat this point. In certain instances the spinous process may re-main in its normal position, while the laminae become elongatedor separated from the body (Fig. 86). The condition was firstdescribed by K
A treatise on orthopedic surgery . Fifteen cases are recorded.^ Thesediseases are described elsewhere. Spondylolisthesis.—Spondylolisthesis is a deformity in whichthe body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae, most often thefifth, is displaced forward and downward (Fig. 82). Therelative weakness of the ligamentous support and the inclina-tion of the upper surface of the sacrum favors displacementat this point. In certain instances the spinous process may re-main in its normal position, while the laminae become elongatedor separated from the body (Fig. 86). The condition was firstdescribed by Killian in 1854, and it was thoroughly investi-gated by ISTeugebauer in 1890. Cornel], Bulletin of .Johns Hopkins Hospital, October, 1902. NON-TUBEBCULOUS AFFECTIONS OF TEE SPINE. 143 The causes are congenital malformation, injury, overstrain,or disease of the lumbosacral articulation. Lane states thatslighter degrees of the deformity are often observed amonglaborers. The trunk is displaced forvs^ard and downward in its Fig. 86,. Small pelvis of Prague (median section). IlUistrating slight forward displace-ment of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra. (Neugebauer.) relation to the pelvis. The sacrum rotates backward and theinclination of the pelvis is lessened or lost, the space between theribs and the iliac crests being correspondingly diminished. Insome instances the contour of the back is flat although the trunkis inclined backward; in others there is a sharp forward in-clination above the projecting sacrum (Fig. 87). Forwardbending of the spine is much restricted. The typical deformity is most often seen in women; and itfirst attracted attention because of its influence on usual symptoms are weakness and discomfort in the lumbarregion. The gait is awkward and it may be almost ataxic incharacter. Pain in the lumbar region radiating down the limbsis a common symptom. Treatment.—-In cases of this type and particularly if the de-formity is the result of inju
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