. Preventive medicine and hygiene. a driven well near the surface of the ground do not rust andbecome leaky. Such wells should be provided with a heavy top, towhich the pump frame should be tightly bolted, in order to preventthe loosening of the joints in the pipe by the vibration of ground about all wells should be kept clean, and, where possible,should be turfed. The waste water should be carried by pipes to aconsiderable distance from the well. 814 GENEEAL CONSIDEEATIONS Artesian water and water from deep wells furnish the safest andmost satisfactory sources of supply we have. S
. Preventive medicine and hygiene. a driven well near the surface of the ground do not rust andbecome leaky. Such wells should be provided with a heavy top, towhich the pump frame should be tightly bolted, in order to preventthe loosening of the joints in the pipe by the vibration of ground about all wells should be kept clean, and, where possible,should be turfed. The waste water should be carried by pipes to aconsiderable distance from the well. 814 GENEEAL CONSIDEEATIONS Artesian water and water from deep wells furnish the safest andmost satisfactory sources of supply we have. Such water is usuallyclear and of high sanitary quality. Sometimes such waters contain alarge amount of inorganic impurities, Avhich render them unfit for do-mestic purposes. Frequently they contain iron in the ferrous state,which soon oxidizes upon contact with the air and is thrown out as aninsoluhle ferric salt, which renders the water yellowish or well waters may also contain an excess of lime salts or Fig. 101. Tmperuious Stratum -Depression of the Ground Water Level by Pumping and Tendency toDraw Nearby Pollution from the Soil or Cesspool. Water from shallow wells obtained from sandy or gravelly forma-tions are entirely satisfactory, provided there are no nearby sources ofpollution. The proximity of well and privy may be especially hazard-ous. Shallow wells in limestone regions must be carefully guarded andalways looked upon with suspicion. It is evident that in a densely inhabited area with miles of sewers,some of them doubtless broken or leaky, and with the thousands of privyvaults which still survive in most of our American cities, we havea more or less sewage-polluted condition of the soil favorable for thecontamination of shallow wells. Shallow wells, on general principles,have been gradually eliminated from all large cities having an abimdantwater supply. This danger was well shown in the studies upon typhoidfever in the District of Columbi
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Keywords: ., bookauthorwh, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjecthygiene
