. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Birds. Adolfo G. Navarro S. et al. Bull. 2003 123A geographic and ecological information available in digital formats. This analytical format offers a series of opportunities for understanding basic distributional phenomena, particularly with regard to predicting geographic distributions. For example, correlating known occurrence points of species with ecoregions (CONABIO 1999) provides a first idea of potential geographic distributional areas (Fig. 7). More complex methodologies for estimating distributional areas from occurrence data var
. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Birds. Adolfo G. Navarro S. et al. Bull. 2003 123A geographic and ecological information available in digital formats. This analytical format offers a series of opportunities for understanding basic distributional phenomena, particularly with regard to predicting geographic distributions. For example, correlating known occurrence points of species with ecoregions (CONABIO 1999) provides a first idea of potential geographic distributional areas (Fig. 7). More complex methodologies for estimating distributional areas from occurrence data vary widely (Udvardy 1969), both in approach and in results. Fig. 8 illustrates the application of two different methods to the same dataset for two species (Garcia- Trejo et al. 1999). Most methods ( Fig. 8b) depend overmuch on dense point coverage of known distributions for reconstructing areas. Given the paucity of records available for most species (Peterson et al. 1998), alternative methods that allow predictions of distributions based on incomplete knowledge are needed. A powerful tool for extrapolating potential distributional areas from primary point occurrences has been developed by D. R. B. Stockwell (Stockwell & Noble 1992, Stockwell & Peters 1999), and is called the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP). GARP uses an artificial intelligence approach (the genetic algorithm) to produce an abstraction of the ecological niche of a species, based on. Figure 6. Localities of Common BushTanagers Chlorospingus ophthalmicus in Mexico. Labels indicate scientific collections in which selected specimens are housed. LSUMZ, Louisiana State University; DMNH, Delaware Museum; MZFC, Museo de Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM; USNM, United States National Museum. Shading represents the predicted distribution of the species modeled in Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability
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