A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . kaloids, such as choline, foundin Amanita muscaria, Helvellaesculenta and other fungi, neurin(deadly), muscarin, the mostdangerous alkaloid found in toad-stools, as in Amanita muscaria(Fig. 93). Phallin, a deadlypoison, found in Amanita phal-loides, is albuminous in acid, a deadly poisonoussubstance, occurs in Helvella es-culenta, especially in old decayingspecimens. The symptoms ofpoisoning with muscarin are longdelayed. They may be summedup in the words of Mr. V. (Circular No. 13 Divi-sion of Botany, United StatesDepar
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . kaloids, such as choline, foundin Amanita muscaria, Helvellaesculenta and other fungi, neurin(deadly), muscarin, the mostdangerous alkaloid found in toad-stools, as in Amanita muscaria(Fig. 93). Phallin, a deadlypoison, found in Amanita phal-loides, is albuminous in acid, a deadly poisonoussubstance, occurs in Helvella es-culenta, especially in old decayingspecimens. The symptoms ofpoisoning with muscarin are longdelayed. They may be summedup in the words of Mr. V. (Circular No. 13 Divi-sion of Botany, United StatesDepartment of Agriculture):Vomiting and diarrhoea almostalways occur, with a pronounced flow of saliva, suppression of thelirine, and various cerebral phenomena beginning with giddiness,loss of confidence in ones abihty to make ordinary movements, andderangements of vision. This is succeeded by stupor, cold sweats,and a very marked weakening of the hearts action. In case of rapidrecovery, the stupor is sliort and usually marked with mild Fig. 95.—Deadly amanita, Amanilaphalloides, showing death cup, or volva, atbase of stipe. (From Gager, after E. ) MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS 239 In fatal cases, the stupor continues from one to two or three days,and death at last ensues from the gradual weakening and final stop-page of the hearts action. Fortunately an antidote has been foundin the hypodermic injection of atropine in doses of one-hundredth toone-sixtieth of a grain. Strong emetics should also be used to rid thestomach of the offending food. The action of phallin from Amanitaphalloides (Fig. 95) for which no antidote is known except the adminis-tration of emetics and the transfusion of blood into the patient, whichmay be of little avail is best summed up in Chestnuts account: Thefundamental injury is not due, as in the case of muscarin, to a paralysisof the nerves controlHng the action of the heart, but to a direct effecton the blood corpuscles. These are quickly
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidtextbook, booksubjectfungi
