Vietnam: Men of the anti-French colonial resistance captured at Ninh Binh, 1887. The Tonkin Campaign (French: Campagne du Tonkin) was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there. The campaign was conducted by the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps, and was complicated in August 1884 by the outbreak of the Sino-French War and in July 1885 by the Can Vuong nationalist uprising in Annam.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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