The new international encyclopaedia . ecomes continuous witli theoesophagus (). Its length is about four inchesand a half; it is broader in its transverse thanin its antero-posterior diameter, and its narrow-est point is at its termination in the fleso]) openings communicate with it, viz.: thetwo posterior nares or nostrils, at the upper andfront part of the pharj-nx; the two Eiislacliiantubes, opening on the outer margins of the preced-ing orifices; the mouth; the larynx; and theoesophagus. The pharynx is composed of an external mus-cular coat; a middle fibrous coat called thep
The new international encyclopaedia . ecomes continuous witli theoesophagus (). Its length is about four inchesand a half; it is broader in its transverse thanin its antero-posterior diameter, and its narrow-est point is at its termination in the fleso]) openings communicate with it, viz.: thetwo posterior nares or nostrils, at the upper andfront part of the pharj-nx; the two Eiislacliiantubes, opening on the outer margins of the preced-ing orifices; the mouth; the larynx; and theoesophagus. The pharynx is composed of an external mus-cular coat; a middle fibrous coat called thephari/iiffeal aponeurosis, thick above where themuscular coat is absent, and gradually thinningas it descends; and a mucous coat, continuouswith the mucous membrane of the mouth andnostrils. The muscular coat requires special no-tice. It is composed of a superior, middle, andinferior constrictor muscle on either side, to-gether with two less important muscles, termedthe sti/lo-pharjjngcal and palatopharyngeal mus- ? Posterior ruuv^;. VoTTur Lfi^orPalaU. tato-pflaryngeus A zyyosl. vultr SufjfriorCofUlricior •Root o/Torufu^. Cpen/ny ofViffLa/ynx ThyroidCoTttiag*CruoidCarUlage /EscyAnt^n eles. When the food, after being sufficientlymasticated and mixed with saliva, is thrown, bythe action of the tongue, into the pharynx, thelatter is drawn upward and dilated in differentdirections; the elevator muscles (the stylo-pharyngeal and palatopharyngeal) then relax,and the descends; and as soon as themorsel is fairly within the sphere of action ofthe constrictor muscles, they successively con-tract upon it, anil gradually pass it onward tothe oesophagus. Independently of its importancein the act of swallowing, the pharynx exerts aninfluence on the moilulation of the voice, espe-cially in the production of (he higher notes. The pharynx is subject to various circulatorydisturbances, to acute and chronic inflammations,ulceration, suppiiration, and abscess. It is themost frequent sit
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