. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . er which opens into this regionand separates it from the sunlit earth, finds its source in the primordial waters 1 Rawlinson, W. A. Inse., vol. ii. pi. 17, col. iii. 11. 65-69 ; cf. Lenormant, La Magie chez lesClialdéens, p. 8, Etudes Accadiennes, vol. ii. pp. 182-185, vol. iii. p. 62; Sayce, Religion of theAncient Babylonians, p. 446. 2 The majority of the spells employed against sickness contain references to the spirits againstwhich they contend—the wicked ekimmu who oppresses men during the night ( Insc, vol. 50, col. i. 1. 24 ; cf
. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . er which opens into this regionand separates it from the sunlit earth, finds its source in the primordial waters 1 Rawlinson, W. A. Inse., vol. ii. pi. 17, col. iii. 11. 65-69 ; cf. Lenormant, La Magie chez lesClialdéens, p. 8, Etudes Accadiennes, vol. ii. pp. 182-185, vol. iii. p. 62; Sayce, Religion of theAncient Babylonians, p. 446. 2 The majority of the spells employed against sickness contain references to the spirits againstwhich they contend—the wicked ekimmu who oppresses men during the night ( Insc, vol. 50, col. i. 1. 24 ; cf. Sayce, op. cit., p. 516), or simply the wicked ekimmu, the ghost. 3 Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a bronze plaque of which an engraving was published byClermont-Ganneau. The original, which belonged to M. Peretie, is now in the collection of M. deClercq. 4 With regard to this dark country, see Jeremias, Die Babylonisch-Assyrischen Vorstellungen vomLeben nach dem Tode, pp. 59-66, 75-80; and Jensen, Die Eosmologie der Babylonier, pp. THE GODDESS ALLAT PASSES THROUGH THE NETHER REGIONSIN HER HADES AND ITS RULERS: NEROAL AND ALLAT. 691 into whose bosom this world of ours is This dark country is sur-rounded by seven high walls, and is approached through seven gates, each ofwhich is guarded by a pitiless warder. Twodeities rule within it—Nergal, the lord of thegreat city, and Beltis-Allat, the lady of the great land, at -^JJwhither everything which hasbreathed in this world descendsafter death. A legend relatesthat Allât, called in SumerianErishkigal, reigned alone inHades, and was invited by thegods to a feast which theyhad prepared in to her hatred of thelight, she sent a refusal by hermessenger Namtar, who ac-quitted himself on this missionwith such a bad grace, thatAnu and Ea were incensedagainst his mistress, and com-missioned Nergal to descendand chastise her ; he went, andfinding the gates of hell open,dragged the queen by her hai
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